I.Export RepresentationWhat are the basic principles of freight allocation?

According toINCOTERMS? 2020International practice requires freight allocation to followTrade term priority principle:

• Under FOB terms buyer bears main freight
• Under CIF terms seller pays port arrival freight
• Under EXW terms buyer bears all transportation costs

2025 General Administration of Customs new requirement: Customs declaration must specifyActual cost bearer, recommended to clarify following elements in agency agreement:

• Basic freight allocation ratio
• Sudden surcharge handling mechanism
• Currency exchange rate fluctuation response plan

II. How do different transportation methods affect cost allocation?

2025 international transportation market data shows significant surcharge differences across transportation methods:

• Maritime Transportation: Peak season surcharge (PSS) can reach up to 200% of basic freight
• Air Transportation: Bunker adjustment factor (BAF) adjusted monthly, recommended to adoptFloating allocation mechanism
• China-Europe Railway Express: Special attention required forOverseas segment transshipment chargesOwnership agreement

Actual case: ACross-border E-commerceEnterprises failing to specifyPort congestion surchargeAllocation ratio, resulting in additional container expenditure of USD1800. Solutions should include:

• Listing known surcharge types in contracts
• Setting trigger thresholds for unforeseeable costs
• Establishing cost dispute arbitration clauses

III. How to verify freight forwarders freight lists?

Professional recommendation to adoptTriple verification method:

• Compare with shipping companys officially published rates
  • Note validity period: Starting 2025, ocean freight rates implement weekly update system
• Verify container movement records
  • Query actual departure/arrival times via container number
• Analyze historical same-period freight curves
  • Recommend using international trade big data platforms (e.g. Xeneta)

IV. What are the special considerations for emerging market freight?

For key development markets in 2025:Southeast Asia and African emerging markets:

• Vietnam/Thailand: Destination port THC charges carry dual collection risks
• Nigeria: Mandatory use of NXP form for freight declaration
• Brazil: Customs valuation may include estimated freight costs

Recommended coping strategies:

• Establish cost confirmation channels with local customs brokers
• Reserve 10-15% contingency budget
• Purchase transport cost differential insurance

V. How can digital tools optimize freight management?

Recommended professional systems for 2025:

• Freight intelligent reconciliation platform (e.g. Flexport)
• Blockchain bill of lading tracking system
• AI freight cost prediction model

Case study of a manufacturing enterprise:

• Transport cost accounting time reduced by 60%
• Abnormal cost identification accuracy increased to 92%
• Annual freight expenditure decreased by 8.5%

VI. How to effectively protect your rights in case of freight disputes?

Recommended professional handling procedures:

• Step 1: Seal and preserve original shipping documents
• Step 2: Apply for freight cost certification from the shipping company
• Step 3: Initiate international freight arbitration
  • Recommended choice: London Maritime Arbitrators Association (LMAA)

Key time node reminders:

• Maritime claim time limit: 1 year after cargo delivery
• Air freight claim time limit: 14 days after cargo arrival